Effect of sound wave stress on antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation of Dendrobium candidum

The effect of sound wave stress on important medicinal plant, Dendrobium candidum Wall. ex Lindl, was investigated, including the responses on malondialdehyde (MDA) content, the activities change of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Results were found that the activities of SOD, CAT, POD and APX enhanced totally in different organs of D. candidum, as leaves, stems and roots, in response to the stress. Furthermore there happened similar shift of antioxidant enzymes activities, which increased in the initial stimulation and decreased afterwards. Data showed SOD, CAT, POD and APX activities ascended to max at day 9, 6, 9 and 12 in leaves, at day 9, 6, 12 and 9 in stems, and at day 12, 6, 9 and 9 in roots, respectively. As a lipid peroxidation parameter, MDA content in different organs increased in the beginning, dropped afterward, and increased again in the late. Anyway the total trend was the rise of MDA level compared to the control. It was interesting that the MDA content appeared the lowest levels almost when the antioxidant enzymes activities were up to the highest. Our results demonstrated the different organs of D. candidum might produce accumulation of active oxygen species (AOS) under initial treatment of sound wave stress. Later AOS might start to reduce due to the enhancement of antioxidant enzymes activities treated by the stress. The data revealed that the antioxidant metabolism was to be important in determining the ability of plants to survive in sound stress, and the up regulation of these enzymes activities would help to reduce the build up of AOS, which could protect plant cells from oxidative damage. Moreover, different cell compartments might activate different defensive system to reduce excessive amount of AOS. Finally the mechanism of this action was also discussed simply.     

Separation and quantification of inulin in selected artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) cultivars and dandelion (Taraxacum officinale WEB. ex WIGG.) roots by high-performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection

The profile of fructooligosaccharides and fructopolysaccharides in artichoke heads and dandelion roots was investigated. For this purpose, a suitable method for high-performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometic detection was developed. The separation of monomers, oligomers and polymers up to a chain length of 79 sugar residues was achieved in one single run. Glucose, fructose, sucrose and individual fructooligosaccharides (kestose, nystose, fructofuranosylnystose) were quantified in six different artichoke cultivars and in dandelion roots. The contents ranged from 12.9 g/kg DM to 71.7 g/kg DM for glucose, from 15.8 g/kg DM to 67.2 g/kg DM for fructose, and from 16.8 g/kg DM to 55.2 g/kg DM for sucrose in the artichoke heads. Kestose was the predominant fructooligosaccharide, followed by nystose and fructofuranosylnystose. In four cultivars fructofuranosylnystose was only detectable in traces and reached its maximum value of 3.6 g/kg DM in the cultivar Le Castel. Furthermore, an average degree of polymerization of 5.3 to 16.7 was calculated for the individual artichoke cultivars, which is noticeably lower than hitherto reported. In contrast, the contents of kestose, nystose and fructofuranosylnystose in dandelion root exceeded that of artichoke, reflecting the short chain characteristic of the inulin, which was confirmed by chromatographic analysis.     

AAS测定紫皮石斛中5种重金属元素的含量

对天然紫皮石斛(Dendrobium devoninum Paxt.)根和茎中Cr、Cd、Pb、Hg、Cu 5种重金属元素的含量进行了测定,旨在为该资源的药(食)利用提供基础数据.利用干法灰化处理样品,采用原子吸收光谱法(AAS)分别测定紫皮石斛根和茎中Cr、Cd、Pb、Hg、Cu 5种重金属元素的含量.根中Cr、Hg和Cu 3种元素含量分别为122.8043士39.02、311.5152士24.28、0.2890士0.19mg·kg-1,相对标准偏差(RSD)在3.20％-14.07％之间;茎中Cr、Hg和Cu 3种元素的含量分别为139.3997士14.72、276.0101士45.61、0.2854士0.29mg·kg-1,相对标准偏差(RSD)在4.83％-10.99％之间;根和茎中均未检出Cd、Pb两种元素,可能与地球化学背景有关.与人工种植石斛中重金属元素含量相比,Cr、Hg两种元素含量相对较高,Cu元素含量较低.本法操作简便,重复性好,测定结果满意.     

云南铁皮石斛生态环境中的数学方法研究

结合已有文献和方法,构建了云南铁皮石斛生态环境中的数学方法.运用云南石斛的调查资料及生态环境普查资料,对该方法进行验证并修正完善.并给出推广应用的建议,供相关决策机构、企业及种植户参考.     

液质联用技术研究人参与干姜或赤芍配伍前后人参皂苷及其抗氧化活性的变化

采用高效液相色谱与电喷雾质谱联用技术(HPLC-ESI-MS),对不同质量比的人参与干姜或赤芍配伍过程中人参皂苷的变化进行了研究,发现随加入的干姜量增加,共煎液中的人参皂苷含量依次降低;少量的赤芍可以使各皂苷的溶出量增加;同时测定了人参单煎液、人参与干姜、赤芍共煎液中正丁醇提取物和水提物的抗氧化活性。 以抗坏血酸(500 μmol/L)作对照,人参与干姜、赤芍配伍溶液的抗氧化活性比人参单煎液要好,同时人参与干姜、赤芍共煎液中正丁醇提取物的FRAP(铁离子还原/抗氧化能力测定)值分别为1562.29和2969.78 μmol/L,高于人参与2种药单煎液（1260.27和2502.07 μmol/L）之和。     

全自动凝胶净化-浓缩-固相萃取/气相色谱-质谱法测定紫皮石斛中有机磷农药残留

建立了以凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)和固相萃取(SPE)净化、气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)法同时测定紫皮石斛中10种有机磷农药残留的方法。样品用乙腈超声提取,提取液经GPC去除类脂杂质和大分子物质,后经Envi-Carb/NH2固相萃取柱净化,选择离子(SIM)监测模式检测,外标法定量。在26min内10种农药得到很好的分离,农药残留量在0.02~0.5μg/mL,方法的线性良好,相关系数为0.997 3~0.999 9,农药加标浓度为0.05mg/kg和0.2mg/kg时,加标回收率在70.4%~115.8%,相对标准偏差在2.8%~9.6%,满足国家标准要求,检出限为0.005 2~0.011mg/kg。方法简便、快速、灵敏、准确,能够运用于石斛中多组分有机磷农药残留的定性和定量分析。     

Three New Phthalide Glycosides from the Rhizomes of Cnidium officinale and Their Recovery Effect on Damaged Otic Hair Cells in Zebrafish

The extract from Cnidium officinale rhizomes was shown in a prior experiment to markedly recover otic hair cells in zebrafish damaged by neomycin. The current study was brought about to identify the principal metabolite. Column chromatography using octadecyl SiO₂ and SiO₂ was performed to isolate the major metabolites from the active fraction. The chemical structures were resolved on the basis of spectroscopic data, including NMR, IR, MS, and circular dichroism (CD) data. The isolated phthalide glycosides were assessed for their recovery effect on damaged otic hair cells in neomycin-treated zebrafish. Three new phthalide glycosides were isolated, and their chemical structures, including stereochemical characteristics, were determined. Two glycosides (0.1 μM) showed a recovery effect (p < 0.01) on otic hair cells in zebrafish affected by neomycin ototoxicity. Repeated column chromatography led to the isolation of three new phthalide glycosides, named ligusticosides C (1), D (2), and E (3). Ligusticoside C and ligusticoside E recovered damaged otic hair cells in zebrafish.     

细茎石斛多糖的降血糖活性作用

观察细茎石斛 ( Dendrobium moniliforme ( L .) Sw .)多糖对多种模型小鼠血糖水平的影响 ,探讨其降血糖作 用机理 .采用昆明种小鼠分组 ,分别以细茎石斛多糖 (100 mg· kg - 1 、200 mg· kg - 1 )、格列苯脲片 (50 mg· kg - 1 )、盐 酸苯乙双胍 (50 mg· kg - 1 )或生理盐水灌胃 ,测定各正常小鼠、肾上腺素性糖尿病和四氧嘧啶性糖尿病小鼠的血糖 水平 .结果 100 mg · kg - 1 、200 mg · kg - 1 两个剂量的细茎石斛多糖均能显著降低肾上腺素、四氧嘧啶引起的糖尿病 小鼠的血糖水平 (p < 0. 01) ,提高四氧嘧啶性糖尿病小鼠的葡萄糖耐量 (p < 0. 01),但对正常小鼠的血糖水平无影 响 .细茎石斛多糖具有明显的降血糖作用 ,是一种值得开发利用的降糖植物多糖.     

Authentication of Dendrobium Species Using Near-Infrared and Ultraviolet–Visible Spectroscopy with Chemometrics and Data Fusion

Herbal products produced from multiple plants have special characteristics in the clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine. These traits provide the opportunity for fraudulent merchants to mix other herbal products similar in appearance into authentic herbal medicine. Shihu is a tonic herbal medicine from the Dendrobium plants with complex botanical origins. In this context, 11 Dendrobium plants including 109 individuals from China were collected for authentication work. Nine species have been described as herbal medicines in the literature while D. hookerianum and D. xichouense are not reported to have medicinal benefits. A key feature of this study was that multiple recognition approaches, based on near-infrared and ultraviolet–visible spectra as well as their combination, were compared to investigate their classification performance. Intuitively, score plots using principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster diagrams were used to evaluate the genetic relationships among these species. Compared with support vector machine discrimination analysis and k-nearest neighbor models, the partial least square discrimination analysis model combined with low-level data fusion provided excellent performance for authentication and was the most robust model with 100% accuracy rates for the training and prediction sets. The results indicated that near-infrared and ultraviolet–visible spectra and their fusion dataset combined with supervised recognition analysis are effective and therefore recommended for the authentication of genuine and sham of herbal Shihu species.